Volcanoes
This is V and M's page about volcanoes.
Read on to find out more about volcanoes.
Such as:
Such as:
- the main types of volcanoes
- how they form
- different types of volcanoes around the world
- the main parts of a volcano
- etc.
The exploding volcano above is from the following website
http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-08/31/artificial-volcano.
http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-08/31/artificial-volcano.
One of the most dangerous and interesting events on Earth is the explosion of a volcano. On average there are over 600 active volcanoes on land, and many others below the sea. Some volcanoes form along the mid-ocean ridge. Many others occur on islands. Volcanoes can also form as the result of a hot spot. Lava plateaus and other volcanic landforms are and can be formed be volcanoes.
The information above is from the book Science Explorer Inside Earth.
The picture below was found on this website, http://newsmaterials.blogspot.com/2010/12/active-volcanoes-around-world-here-are.html.
The Main Parts of a Volcano
visit http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/natural_hazards/volcanoes_rev2.shtml to see the picture below.
There are numerous main parts of the volcano.
Here are some of those main parts:
Here are some of those main parts:
- The Magma Chamber: The underground pocket of magma underneath the volcano.
- The Pipe: The vertical crack where the magma rises to the surface.
- The Vent: Where magma leaves the volcano.
- The Side Vent: Many volcanoes have second vents, that form on the side of a volcano.
- The Crater: A round area that forms around the vent.
- Lava Flow: The lava that flows down a volcano, and over the land.
How a volcano is formed
There are three main types of volcanoes and each of them are formed differently.
Visit http://geology.utah.gov/teacher/tc/tc0599.htm to find out more about each of these main types of volcanoes.
Cinder Cone Volcano
If a volcano's lava is thick and stiff, it may produce cinders, ash, and bombs. These materials will pile up around the vent and form a cone-shaped pile. For example, Paricutin in Mexico erupted in 1943 and the volcano built up a cinder cone volcano. The volcano was about 400 meters high.
Composite Volcano
Sometimes lava flows with eruptions of explosive ash, cinder, and bombs. The result of this is a composite volcano. Mount Fuji and Mount St. Helens are only two of the many examples of a composite volcano.
Shield Volcano
When there are thin layers of lava from a vent and hardens over the previous layers, it forms a shield volcano which is a wide, gently sloping mountain. The Hawaiian islands is one example of a shield volcano.
If a volcano's lava is thick and stiff, it may produce cinders, ash, and bombs. These materials will pile up around the vent and form a cone-shaped pile. For example, Paricutin in Mexico erupted in 1943 and the volcano built up a cinder cone volcano. The volcano was about 400 meters high.
Composite Volcano
Sometimes lava flows with eruptions of explosive ash, cinder, and bombs. The result of this is a composite volcano. Mount Fuji and Mount St. Helens are only two of the many examples of a composite volcano.
Shield Volcano
When there are thin layers of lava from a vent and hardens over the previous layers, it forms a shield volcano which is a wide, gently sloping mountain. The Hawaiian islands is one example of a shield volcano.
Volcanic Necks, Dikes, and Sills
The diagram above is from http://external.oneonta.edu/hessf77/students/kevynhill/pluton.html
Necks
When a volcanic neck is formed, magma hardens in the volcanos pipe. The harder rock around the neck is exposed when the softer rock around the pipe wears away.
Dikes
When magma is forced through a vertical crack, it hardens into what's known as a dike.
Sills
A sill is formed when magma squeezes into horizontal layers of rock.
When a volcanic neck is formed, magma hardens in the volcanos pipe. The harder rock around the neck is exposed when the softer rock around the pipe wears away.
Dikes
When magma is forced through a vertical crack, it hardens into what's known as a dike.
Sills
A sill is formed when magma squeezes into horizontal layers of rock.
Magma and Lava
As you can see from the diagram above, magma comes from the magma chamber and then becomes lava when it reaches the surface. Visit http://flynt.pbworks.com/w/page/9198253/central%20vent to learn more.
Magma - hot fluid or semi-fluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling. Magma is held in the magma chamber, until the volcano erupts. Then the magma reaches the surface through the crater, and then transforms to what is called lava.
Lava -Lava is what magma is called when it reaches the surface through volcanic activity. The lava would then form solid rock once it cools and build up Earth's surface.
Lava -Lava is what magma is called when it reaches the surface through volcanic activity. The lava would then form solid rock once it cools and build up Earth's surface.
Hotspot
The diagram above shows how the Hawaiian Islands were formed from a hot spot. To learn more about this, visit http://www.hawaii.edu/environment/ainakumuwai/html/ainakumuwaiislandformation.htm
Hotspots in the Earths mantle can form volcanoes. When magma from the mantle melts through the crust it is called a hot spot. A hot spot often forms towards the middle of continental or oceanic crust. A series of volcanos and slowly form on the ocean floor, from a hot spot. Hot spots can also form under continents.
Island Arc and The Ring of Fire
Island Arc
A string of islands resulting from volcanoes is called an island arc. A island arc will echo the curve of its deep-ocean trench. A few island arcs are Indonesia, the Caribbean islands, and the Philippines.
Ring of Fire
The Ring of Fire is a major volcanic belt, and is formed by many volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean.
A string of islands resulting from volcanoes is called an island arc. A island arc will echo the curve of its deep-ocean trench. A few island arcs are Indonesia, the Caribbean islands, and the Philippines.
Ring of Fire
The Ring of Fire is a major volcanic belt, and is formed by many volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean.
Caldera
When eruptions empty the main vent and the magma chamber, the mountain becomes a hollow shell. The mountain collapses inward, because there's nothing to support it.The hole left in the volcanic mountain is called a caldera.
The picture above is a picture of some island arcs
Visit the website below to see the picture bigger.
http://www.scienceclarified.com/landforms/Ocean-Basins-to-Volcanoes/Volcano.html
Visit the website below to see the picture bigger.
http://www.scienceclarified.com/landforms/Ocean-Basins-to-Volcanoes/Volcano.html
Batholith
When a large body of magma cools and forms a large mass of rock, it's called a batholith. Large batholiths form the core of many mount ion ranges.
To see what happened to the mountain above visit the following site
http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/volcinfo.php?volcname=Kaguyak
http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/volcinfo.php?volcname=Kaguyak
The picture above is from the Science Explorer Inside Earth.