Volcanoes By Adam C, Michael R, Michael Q
Welcome to our website you will learn about Volcanoes and other facts.
What are Volcanoes?
A volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth. When pressure builds up, eruptions occur. Gases and rock shoot up through the opening and spill over or fill the air with lava fragments. Eruptions can cause lateral blasts, lava flows, hot ash flows, mudslides, avalanches, falling ash and floods. Volcano eruptions have been known to knock down entire forests. An erupting volcano can trigger tsunamis, flash floods, earthquakes, mudflows and rockfalls.
How are volcanoes formed?
Volcanoes are formed when magma from within the Earth's upper mantle works its way to the surface. At the surface, it erupts to form lava flows and ash deposits. Over time as the volcano continues to erupt, it will get bigger and bigger.
What are the three stages of volcanoes?
Scientists have categorized volcanoes into three main categories: active, dormant, and extinct. An active volcano is one which has recently erupted and there is a possibility that it may erupt soon. A dormant volcano is one which has not erupted in a long time but there is a possibility it can erupt in the future. An extinct volcano is one which has erupted thousands of years ago and there’s no possibility of eruption.
Why do volcanoes erupt?
The Earth's crust is made up of huge slabs called plates, which fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. These plates sometimes move. The friction causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions near the edges of the plates. The theory that explains this process is called plate tectonics
What are Plate Tonics?
The theory of plate tectonics is a interesting story of continents drifting from place to place breaking apart, colliding, and grinding against each other. The plate tectonic theory is supported by a wide range of evidence that considers the earth's crust and upper mantle to be composed of several large, thin, relatively rigid plates that move relative to one another. The plates are all moving in different directions and at different speeds. Sometimes the plates crash together, pull apart or sideswipe each other. When this happens, it commonly results in earthquakes
Volcanoes are formed when magma from within the Earth's upper mantle works its way to the surface. At the surface, it erupts to form lava flows and ash deposits. Over time as the volcano continues to erupt, it will get bigger and bigger.
Did you know ?
Did you know? Some volcanoes can take more than a thousand years to form, and others overnight!
A cinder cone volcano Mexican cornfield . Within a week it grew 5 feet . And by end the of the year it grew 336 meters tall! By time it finished it an additional 88 meters. That volcano grew a total 424 meters. By geology standards, that's really quick. By Michael R
Somewhere, in the world 2
Somewhere, around the world, there are 20 active volcanoes erupting as you’re reading this. Between 50-70 volcanoes erupted last year, and 160 went off in the last decade. Geologists estimate that 1,300 erupted in the last 10,000 years. Three quarters of all eruptions happen underneath the ocean, and most are actively erupting and no geologist knows about it at all. One of the reasons is that volcanoes occur at the mid ocean ridges, where the ocean’s plates are spreading apart. If you add the underwater volcanoes, you get an estimate that there are a total of about 6,000 volcanoes that have erupted in the last 10,000 years. By Michael R
Read more: http://www.universetoday.com/32185/10-interesting-facts-about-volcanoes/#ixzz2ohUMa6x6
A cinder cone volcano Mexican cornfield . Within a week it grew 5 feet . And by end the of the year it grew 336 meters tall! By time it finished it an additional 88 meters. That volcano grew a total 424 meters. By geology standards, that's really quick. By Michael R
Somewhere, in the world 2
Somewhere, around the world, there are 20 active volcanoes erupting as you’re reading this. Between 50-70 volcanoes erupted last year, and 160 went off in the last decade. Geologists estimate that 1,300 erupted in the last 10,000 years. Three quarters of all eruptions happen underneath the ocean, and most are actively erupting and no geologist knows about it at all. One of the reasons is that volcanoes occur at the mid ocean ridges, where the ocean’s plates are spreading apart. If you add the underwater volcanoes, you get an estimate that there are a total of about 6,000 volcanoes that have erupted in the last 10,000 years. By Michael R
Read more: http://www.universetoday.com/32185/10-interesting-facts-about-volcanoes/#ixzz2ohUMa6x6
Indonesia's Krakatau
Of the 130 active volcanoes situated in Indonesia alone, Krakatau is known for its highly explosive eruptions even though it is not counted among the largest of volcanoes. In 1883, it displayed its venomous power through a cataclysmic explosion that caused the northern section of the island to disintegrate into the ocean, which caused massive tsunamis. At least 36,000 people died as the huge walls of water crashed down upon them, wiping out numerous towns and villages that had previously dotted the coastline. Some islands were completely obliterated and ceased to exist as land. The end result was the near full destruction of the island and Krakatau itself. So far into the atmosphere had the tephra been thrust that it would be years before all of it would dissipate. Temperatures dropped world round as sunlight was filtered through the debris, and the sky became a canvas on which striking colorations and formations would occur for several years. By Michael R
Mount Vesuvius
Mt. Vesuvius, the active volcano that looms over the Bay of Naples in southern Italy, has erupted well over 30 times that we know of. And yet its most famous eruption took place all the way back in A.D. 79, when a multiday eruption of lava and ash covered the cities of Pompeii and Stabiae in ash. Pliny the Younger, author of the only surviving eyewitness account, described a sudden explosion followed by blankets of ash that fell on people as they tried to escape. The total number of Vesuvius' victims will most likely never be known, but archeologists are aware of at least 1,000
By Michael R
Read more: Mount Vesuvius - Top 10 Famous Volcanoes - TIME http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2014572_2014574_2014626,00.html #ixzz2oyqmPT95
To see a video of Mt Vesuvius click on her below.
Mauna Loa
Mauna Loa, world's largest mountain and volcano, is a archetype of a basaltic shield volcano in its late mature stage of life, and only about 600,000-1,000,000 years old. Michael Q
Important Words
Shield Volcano - Layers of lava pouring out of a vent creates this type of volcano
Cinder Cone Volcano - A volcano created by layers of ash,cinders, and bombs
Composite Volcano -Tall, cone-shaped mountains that alternate with layers of lava and ash
Caldera -The huge hole left by the collapse of a mountain
Volcanic neck -Formed when magma hardens in a volcano's pipe
Dike -Magma that forces itself against rock layers
Sill-When magma squeezes between horizontal layers of rock
Batholith -When large amounts of magma harden in the crust
Volcano -A weak spot in the crust where magma comes to the surface
Lava -Magma that reaches the surface
Ring of Fire -A major volcanic belt
Island Arc -A string of islands
Hot Spot -Where an area deep within the mantle rises and erupts, forming magma
Magma Chamber-A pocket in the volcano where magma collects
Vent-Opening in the Volcano.
FACTS ABOUT THE MAUNA LOA! the mauna loa is one of the biggest volcanos
it even has a shield to surround the volcano.the mauna LOA rises above 9 km
the sea floor and the weight of the massive mountain has the oceanic crust
by 8 kilometers. also its eruptions both from the summit occupied big caldera
its surf
Cinder Cone Volcano - A volcano created by layers of ash,cinders, and bombs
Composite Volcano -Tall, cone-shaped mountains that alternate with layers of lava and ash
Caldera -The huge hole left by the collapse of a mountain
Volcanic neck -Formed when magma hardens in a volcano's pipe
Dike -Magma that forces itself against rock layers
Sill-When magma squeezes between horizontal layers of rock
Batholith -When large amounts of magma harden in the crust
Volcano -A weak spot in the crust where magma comes to the surface
Lava -Magma that reaches the surface
Ring of Fire -A major volcanic belt
Island Arc -A string of islands
Hot Spot -Where an area deep within the mantle rises and erupts, forming magma
Magma Chamber-A pocket in the volcano where magma collects
Vent-Opening in the Volcano.
FACTS ABOUT THE MAUNA LOA! the mauna loa is one of the biggest volcanos
it even has a shield to surround the volcano.the mauna LOA rises above 9 km
the sea floor and the weight of the massive mountain has the oceanic crust
by 8 kilometers. also its eruptions both from the summit occupied big caldera
its surf
Mauna loa, worlds largest volcano and mountain, is a archetype of basaltic shield volcano
in its late mature stage of life, and only about 600,000 or more years old.
The mauna loa is among earths most active volcanos, having erupted 33 times since its first well documented
historical eruption in 1843.
The hawaii name
in its late mature stage of life, and only about 600,000 or more years old.
The mauna loa is among earths most active volcanos, having erupted 33 times since its first well documented
historical eruption in 1843.
The hawaii name